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Pernis ptilorhyncus

Additional details on Distribution:
Turkey: Vagrant (Kirwan et al. 1998, Kirwan et al. 2008). There are two records, an adult female photographed at Borçka in the Black Sea coastlands on 27 September 1979 (Laine 1996) and an adult male seen at the same locality on 25 September 1996 (Kirwan and Marins 2000).

Lebanon: The only records are one at Amoun on 7 October 2003 (Ramadan-Jaradi et al. 2004) and 10 reported past Bhamdoun between 27 August and 1 October 2006 (Balmer and Betton 2007), but it is likely to occur regularly in small numbers on migration.

Jordan: There is only one record, a first-summer female seen at the Aqaba sewer works on 17 April 2007 (Balmer and Betton 2007), but it may occur regularly on migration.

Israel: Apparently a regular migrant through Israel, based on the surprising increase in reports in recent years. A count of 98 was recorded in spring passage in 2002 (Balmer and Betton 2002). Six were observed migrating over the Hula Lake, Northern Valleys, and Judean Desert during autumn 2007 (Balmer and Betton 2008). One wintered at Eilat through February 2008 (van den Berg and Haas 2008), and it may not have been an example of the race orientalis, the most likely subspecies (Koss et al. 2008).

Egypt: The only records are a bird recorded in May 1966 (Baha el Din and Baha el Din 1997) and another seen flying southwest over Sharm e-Sheik on 27 October 2007 (Balmer and Betton 2008), but small numbers may winter.

Kuwait: Scarce passage migrant (Gregory 2005), but may winter.

United Arab Emirates: Rare winter visitor from November to March. First recorded in November 1992, but apparently occurs annually (Richardson et al. 2003). According to Shirihai e al. (2000), there were 12 records prior to the 21st century, and Balmer and Betton (2002) knew of about 18 new reports. One was seen at Hatta Dam on 13 July 2007, and up to three were recorded at Abu Dhabi city from 20 September onward (Balmer and Betton 2008).

Oman: There are single records from January, April, May, and September, and two in December (Eriksen et al. 2003). Seven were seen in West Salalah on 15 November 2007 (Balmer and Betton 2008).

Yemen: There is only a single record, a bird seen at Al-Kadana on 17 January 2007 (Balmer and Betton 2008).

Gabon: Clark and Christy (2006) observed and photographed a bird near Tchimbélé, Monts de Crystal, on 13 August 2004, which they identified as this species. A majority of a panel of 13 experts who reviewed the photographs and text agreed that the bird was a Pernis, three thought it was an African Harrier-hawk in atypical plumage, and one thought it was a hybrid between P. ptilorhynchus and P. apivorus. If valid, this would represent the first record for sub-Saharan Africa.

Russian Asia: Rare breeding species in southern Siberia, Transbaikal, Soviet Far East, and Sakhalin Island, inhabiting deciduous and coniferous forests (Flint 1984).

Kazakhstan: Rare to scarce passage migrant (orientalis), occurring in eastern Kazakhstan, mainly in the Altai, the area south of Lake Balkhash, and the Tien Shan foothills, where the largest numbers have been observed at the Chokpak Pass (Wassink and Oreel 2007). Two juveniles were seen on 25 September 2003 at Kosmotanziya in Ili-Alatau National Park, in the Zailiyskiy Alatau at a record altitude of at least 4,500 m (Wassink and Oreel op cit.).

Iran: Scarce winter visitor (Scott and Adhami 2006).

Nepal: Fairly common resident and passage migrant (ruficollis) (Inskipp and Inskipp 1991).

Bhutan: Frequent passage migrant in the temperate zone and foothills from 200-3,000 m and may also breed. Spring passage is from late March to late May, peaking from mid-May, and autumn passage is from late September to late November, peaking in the second half of October (Spierenburg 2005).

Christmas Island: Vagrant, with a single record of a bird in December 2001 (Clarke 2003).

South Korea: One of the most abundant raptors on Socheong Island, especially in autumn (Moores 2007).

Hong Kong: Scarce passage migrant, mostly in autumn, with isolated winter records. Recorded in migration between 4 September to 30 October and 21 March to 20 April and in winter between 26 November to 5 February (Carey et al. 2001).

Korea: One of the most numerous raptors recorded on Socheong Island (in the Yellow Sea west of the Korean Peninsula), especially in autumn, when as many as 1,240 have been recorded passing west in a single season (2005) (Moores 2007). There are also multiple records from both South Korea (Park 2002) and North Korea (Tomek 1999, Duckworth 2006).

West Malaysia and Singapore: Regular and common passage migrant, less common non-breeding visitor, and presumed breeding resident (Wells 1999). Rare resident (torquatus) from low elevations up to 1,200 m, south to Johor. The race orientalis is a common passage migrant, particularly at Tanjung Tuan (Melaka), at both low and high elevations south to Singapore (Jeyarajasingam and Pearson 1999).

Philippines Fairly common to common resident and migrant. The race palawanensis is endemic to Calauit and Palawan. The race philippensis is endemic to Basialn, Biliran, Catanduanes, Cebu, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Panay, and Samar, and orientalis is a migrant, recorded from Jolo, Luzon, Mindoro, and Negros. Occurs from lowlands to middle elevations to about 1,500 m (Kennedy et al. 2000).

Sumatra: Resident (torquatus) in forested areas in lowlands, but no confirmed breeding records (Van Marle and Voous 1988). Usually considered to be rare, but this is doubtful. The northern race orientalis was reported from November to February by Van Marle and Voous (op cit.), but Buij et al. (2006) recorded some birds as early as September. Their observations suggest that large numbers of this species are crossing the Straits of Malacca from Peninsular Malaysia as early as October, a month earlier than indicated by Medway and Wells (1976).

Sabah: Common resident and winter migrant from sea level to 1,000 m (Sheldon et al. 2001). Thiollay (1983) regarded this species as the most common raptor at Gomantong and Kinabalu.

Wallacea: Rare winter visitor (orientalis) in the Sulawesi subregion and the Lesser Sundas, but possibly also a local resident on Sumbawa and Flores, occurring from sea level to 1,200 m. Migrants occur from October to April (Coates and Bishop 1997).

Australia: Vagrant, with only two records. A specimen in the Western Australian Museum was found dead near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, in January 2003 (Anon. 2003) and a bird seen and photographed on 5 May 2005 at Waterfall Creek, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory (Gregory 2007).




















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